The Federal Government’s plans to reduce the price of food commodities through implementation of a zero per cent duty and exemption from value-added tax on selected basic food items are increasingly becoming difficult to achieve.
The challenge is underscored by alarming increase in the average price of imported food items, which rose to 878.3 price point index in September 2024, reflecting broader economic pressures.
On 8 July 2024, the Federal Government announced a 150-day duty-free import window for food commodities to ensure a reduction in food inflation in Nigeria. The food commodities include maize, husked brown rice, wheat, and cowpeas.
It said the programme was meant to help cushion the effects of various factors contributing to food scarcity and price hikes in the country.
The idea was to remove or significantly reduce import duties and value-added tax to encourage an inflow of food imports and drive down consumer prices.
The scheme failed to take off three months after the government announced the plans.
The government’s bureaucratic process and the failure of the Federal Ministry of Finance to publish a list of importers qualified to participate in the process as required by the guidelines earlier issued by the Customs in August were cited as reasons for the delay in the commencement of the scheme.
At a press briefing early this month, the Minister of Finance, Wale Edun, said the government has ordered maize and wheat imports to stabilise the food market.
The National Public Relations Officer of the Nigerian Customs Service (NCS), Abdullahi Maiwada, couldn’t be reached when he was called to confirm if the awaited item had been imported.
While the government is yet to begin implementation of the policy, the price of imported food has continued to increase.
According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) monthly inflation report, the 878.3 price point index on imported food items in September was a rise of 30.6 price index or 3.61 per cent from 847.7 in August 2024.
Further analysis showed that the average price of imported food price has surged by 72.3 percentage points or 8.97 per cent from the 806.0 average price index in July 2024 when the policy was announced and 878.3 in September.
On a year-to-date, this increase was a surge of 185.7 price index points or 26.81 growth from 692.6 in January 2024, indicating more reliance on foreign food products amidst food supply shortages in the country.
A month-by-month analysis showed that in January, Nigeria recorded an imported inflation rate of 26.29 per cent. This increased to 29.81 per cent in February, marking a notable jump of 3.52 per cent in the inflation rate from January.
The trend continued in March, with the imported food inflation rate climbing to 32.89 per cent, an increase of 3.08 per cent from February.
In April, the inflation rate further increased to 34.01 per cent, growing by 1.12 per cent from March, showing a slight deceleration in the rate of increase.
May recorded an imported food inflation rate of 34.83 per cent, indicating a continued upward trend. The increase in the inflation rate is 0.82 per cent from April.
The figure was 806.0 in June, 826.2 in July, 847.7 in August and 878.3 in September.
Meanwhile, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has released 547.7 million (N823.19 billion at the official exchange rate of N1,503.3/$1, as of 30 June 2024) to Nigerians for importing food items in the second quarter of 2024.
The amount is a reduction of $142.48 million or 20.6 per cent from $689.88 million recorded in the first quarter of 2024 and N80.76 billion or 8.93 per cent from N903.95 billion recorded in Q1 when converted to naira.
In six months, the CBN has released a total of N1.73 trillion.
An analysis showed that Nigerians spent $164.43 million in January, $303.91 million in February, $221.54 million in March.
The apex bank also allocated $153.27 million in April, $197.21 million in May and $197.22 m in June.
