The Director-General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, has stressed the urgent need for Nigeria to move beyond political infighting and inconsistent policies that have hindered the country’s development since independence.
She asserted that collective efforts, rather than a blame game, were needed to move the nation forward.
Okonjo-Iweala spoke on Sunday at the Nigerian Bar Association Annual Conference held at Eko Hotel, in Lagos, where she delivered a keynote address titled “A new social contract for Nigeria’s future” .
“Nigeria today is not where it should be, and our country has not progressed as it should have.
That is why, more than 60 years after independence, we are still discussing nation-building. But we must shift our focus from blame games to concrete actions that tackle present and emerging challenges”.
While saying that Nigerians were not alone in economic hardship, she said, “It’s not in recrimination or even in futile regret, but rather as part of moving our country and advancing its interests. We are living in very difficult times, locally here in Nigeria, but also globally.
“I’m not here to castigate or blame anyone, I’m here to speak to all governments of my country, all political parties, all Nigerians, about a positive way forward for the country”, she said.
Drawing comparisons between Nigeria and other countries, Okonjo-Iweala highlighted how nations like South Korea, Peru, and India had outpaced Nigeria in economic growth and development despite having similar starting points decades ago.
She pointed to South Korea’s rapid industrialisation and Peru’s economic resilience as examples of what Nigeria could achieve with consistent and sound policies.
“Back in the 1960s, Nigeria’s per capita income was comparable to that of South Korea but today, South Korea’s per capita GDP is 20 times higher than ours”.
This stark contrast shows that while other nations have taken bold steps to diversify and grow their economies, we have been left behind”, she said.
Okonjo-Iweala further stated that Nigeria’s inability to sustain growth was largely due to a lack of policy consistency and political will.
“If we look back to the early years of independence, it’s clear Nigeria had what it takes to succeed, and yet we’ve fallen behind countries that were on par with us back then.
“I want to remind people that in the first half of the 1960s, our per capita income in 1960 dollars was roughly equal to that of South Korea, in the neighborhood of 100 to 120 dollars per capita, according to World Bank data. But then South Korea’s growth took off, as it went from exporting primary products like tungsten oil and dried seaweed to manufactured goods.
“Back then it was textiles and footwear, compared to today’s integrated circuits, electronics, ships and autos, not to mention services exports, such as gaming, entertainment, etc., where South Korea is also strong.
“Meanwhile, Nigeria’s export basket went in the opposite direction and became less diversified. In the early 1960s, mining exports made up half of our exports, and food and animal or vegetable oils together about a third, with manufacturers accounting for five to seven percent.
“But since 1974, oil has dominated, often accounting for 97 to 100 per cent of Nigerian exports, with its share rarely dipping below 90 per cent.
“The good news is that our economy itself is quite diversified, and with the capacity to do much more in terms of agricultural exports, critical minerals, services such as entertainment, etc., and I want to commend ongoing efforts by this government to diversify the exports of our country.
“Last year, Nigeria’s per capita GDP was 1,620 US dollars, while South Korea’s was 33,000”, she said.
Okonjo-Iweala, further stated that Korea’s growth miracle was exceptional and world-beating, but even more modest performers had outpaced Nigeria.
“Thailand’s per capita GDP was comparable to Nigeria’s in the early 1970s and is now $7,200. Peru, a country I will come back to, was about even with Nigeria in the early 1980s, but now has a per capita GDP of nearly $7,800.
“Even India, which into the 1990s and 2000s had a per capita GDP well below Nigeria’s, recently surpassed us on that mark and is now $2,484.
“India is now the third largest economy in the world, one of the fastest-growing and modernising economies.
“I cite all these numbers not because GDP is a perfect measure, but because, as Daniel Susskind, a scholar on economic growth at King’s College London, recently put it, and I quote, GDP is correlated with almost every measure of human flourishing”.
She criticized the “not-made-in-my-administration syndrome”, where successive governments fail to build on the successes of their predecessors, leading to economic stagnation.
“To minimise the volatility of economic and social policy and to set our country on a steady growth and development path, Nigeria needs a social contract.
“By this, I mean a fundamental agreement across political parties and society that certain policies and principles are sacrosanct and must not be altered with each change in administration”, she explained.
In his remarks, President Bola Tinubu, who was represented by Vice President Kashim Shettima, reiterated that his administration was working to address the numerous social and economic challenges facing the country.
President Tinubu said he was “providing clarity and eliminating the opaqueness that fostered corruption”.
He added, “While I acknowledge the temporal existence of some daunting challenges besetting us as a nation, I want to assure you that this government is poised to address all the developmental challenges facing this country and rest assured that in the fullness of time, this nation shall overcome.
“I want to assure you that this government will continue to uphold top priority to the welfare of the judiciary, to ease avoidable burden on their lordships, and speed up the adjudicatory process which is a sine qua non for social order and economic development”.
